Is learning a third language really easier than the second?

Yes! It would appear so. If you are bilingual, you will in fact find it easier to learn a third language, as you will have gained a better aptitude in languages whilst learning the second one. 

A study was conducted in 2011 between students who were fluent in only one language and students who knew two languages. Both groups were given tests that assessed their reading strategies and familiarity with the orthography of each language. Bilinguals obtained a higher average than the monolinguals.

What does this mean?

When an individual speaks more than one language, he or she improves proficiency in native languages. When you learn another language, it normally requires you to gain more knowledge in you native language. Concepts such as “past simple”, “passive”, “present progressive” become clearer to somebody who knows another language. Other phonologic, morphologic and syntactic tools are reinforced too.  

How do I learn a third language without mixing it up with the second?

I personally think that the best method to retain any language, whether it is the second or the third, is practise, practise and more practise! It is important not to mix languages up so learning how to separate them is favourable. A good tip is to spend a few hours a week doing something in your second or third language. I consider that reading is also a very important factor in the learning process.  

It goes without saying that speaking a second language helps you in the learning process of a third language, but it also depends on the language. Japanese would obviously be considerably harder for English speakers than learning Spanish!

Emma Milnthorpe